Multiple myeloma (MM) –a malignant disease characterized by the infiltration and proliferation of clonal plasma (B-cell lineage) in the bone marrow, typically accompanied by the secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulins in serum or urine, and frequent development of osteolytic bone lesions as a result of the increased activity of osteoclasts adjacent to MM cells and suppressed osteoblast differentiation and activity– is one of the most intractable malignancies. Other manifestations of MM include impaired hematopoiesis and pancytopenia, extensive skeletal destruction and hypercalcemia.
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