Menopause, Vaginal Atrophy and Urinary Incontinence

Vaginal atrophy is one consequence of low estrogen. it is prior to menopause and also when there is plenty of estrogen in circulation

Almost every tissue in the body has estrogen receptors, which suggests that estrogen has a role to play in their function. This is true of the genitourinary system, which includes the external genitalia, vagina, bladder and urethra. The loss of estrogen which comes with menopause has several effects on these tissues, which used to come under terms such as atrophic vaginitis, vulvovaginal atrophy, and various urinary conditions. More recently, the term Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) is used to refer to these issues as a group.